The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Reservation

The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Reservation is a Native American reserve which has been through a batch in history. This Tribe used to be many folks so combined into one many old ages ago. Uniting all the traditions was one thing, lasting the land being taking, expiration and Restoration are all things many people do non cognize approximately. History books for grade school instruction have created false history merely late allowing the truth be reviled. This folk has gone through a batch but still stands strong. The Reservation is in West Oregon located 12 stat mis from Newport. For my concluding paper I have gone to research the reserve, had many interviews, talked to seniors, read parts of the history book about the folk and looked on the web site. I am a Siletz Indian but was ne'er taught any of the traditions or knew most of the history, this undertaking and category have given me the chance to make so. The first clip I of all time went to my reserve I was anticipating something beautiful, and that I would ne'er bury. Not stating that is non beautiful or that I would of all time bury it but let’s say it was non what I was anticipating. It is the stereotyped little town, poorness, intoxicant and drug usage. There is tonss of smoke, imbibing, fleshiness and diabetes on the reserve. At first I didn’t understand why these things were such large issues. But I have late come to recognize why and I now understand my grandfather’s concluding for go forthing and ne'er truly learning my brother and I the history or the traditions. For many old ages I was angry about this, I was besides angry about non acquiring to travel to or populate on the reserve but I am no longer angry with my Grandpa, I can see why he did all that he did to acquire off and do a better state of affairs for his household. The ground the folk is called â€Å"Confederated folks of† is because when Oregon was first being taken over there were folks all over. The 1s in South Oregon and Northern Cali were pushed over to Siletz. For the white adult male seting Indians on reserves was called â€Å"getting rid of the Indian problem† . The folk that came together to do Siletz spoke around 11 different linguistic communications. There were many Tribes which were forced to travel together they include â€Å"Clatsop, Chinook, Klickitat, Molala, Kalapuya, Tillamook, Alsea, Siuslaw/Lower Umpqua, Coos, Coquelle, Upper Umpqua, Tututni ( including all the lower Rogue River Bands and those widening up the seashore to Floras Creek and down to Whales Head ) , Chetco ( including all of the small towns from Whales Head to the Winchuck River ) , Tolowa, Takelma ( including the Illinois Valley/mid-Rogue River and Cow Creek peoples ) , Galice/Applegate, and Shasta† ( Part 1, Paragraph 6 ) . Bing a coastal folk and life off the land and its resources the chief nutrient they ate was fish, shellfish and whale. Though they were put on the reserves they were told non to make many traditional things like have huddles. However they would hold huddles around the American vacations and say that they were making vacation related things. Besides when traveling households to reserves they would direct kids’ grade school ages to get oning schools. The one most of the Siletz childs went to is in Salem and it is called Chemawa. At the get oning school the small misss would hold their hair chopped away and the male childs would acquire shaved. They were forced to larn about Christianity, how to move and eat decently. They had to alter everything they learned as kids and follow new â€Å"rules† of life. Many of the older kids would move out and either acquire beaten or kicked out of the school. My great-great grandparents were two that acted out, they besides got kicked out after acqui ring pregnant. When the expiration Torahs started go oning Siletz was one that it hit hard. The Natives no longer had rights to the land and its resources and since everyone was now considered black or white, they were white. It says white on my grampss and parents birth certifications. It was during the expiration period that Natives gazing going really low category and holding imbibing jobs. This has led to many jobs that are still on reserves today but we will speak about that later on. Another go oning during this clip was Natives acquiring ill and deceasing from deathly diseases they got exposed to. After making more research about this I found out that it was before contact with the Europeans that tribes in Oregon were acquiring ill. The Tribes from the E warning them about the white work forces had spread lifelessly pandemics. One-half of my great-great grand-parents kids died for TB. When Lewis and Clark came to the state in 1805 when they explored the Northwest to happen that many small to wns â€Å"de-populated by disease† ( Part 2 Paragraph 5 ) . My whole life I was told that Lewis and Clark coming over was when the land was get downing to acquire taken over. I had no thought that there were so many old ages when colonists merely left the Natives be in Northwest and merely had contact with them when researching â€Å"most white contact with our people before 1845 or so was fugitive, dwelling of bargainers, trappers, adventurers of different sort† ( Part 4 Paragraph 1 ) . The first existent jurisprudence covering with the people of the Northwest and new colonists was a â€Å" Northwest Regulation † in 1787 stating the Natives that their land and rights will be protected. This jurisprudence was taken back in 1846. Then following large jurisprudence we learned about in category â€Å"The Oregon Donation act† which was promised land given any new colonist in the country. This is when all the reserves were established. In 1951 there were battles get downing to go on, small towns being attacked. The colonists were naming this the â€Å"extermination movement† . When the folks were being taken to Siletz most of the work forces were shot and adult female and kids were marched at that place, this took many trips. Not merely covering with seeking to talk the same linguistic communication, but the folks that came together had different ways of shelter and nutrient, this caused a batch of jobs at foremost. They had to work together while bei ng forced to go â€Å"civilized† . One thing that was really interesting to larn was what the folk usage to utilize as money. They use these thin white shells called Dentalium shell. These are now made into beautiful jewellery. They use to be traded until paper money was created. There was a jurisprudence passed in 1924 called â€Å"Indian Citizenship Act† , this was stating all Native Americans that they were now portion of the United States and no longer considered Natives. It was 37 old ages and 4 months ago that the Siletz reserve was given their land back. In award of this they have an one-year Restoration huddles head at their casino in Lincoln City. This is in award of their rights. They restoration allowed each folk that is recognized by the authorities to have a casino. The one owned by Siletz is called Chinook Winds Casino ; it is located about 45 stat mis from the reserve. Some of the tradition and manner the folk is structured today is by royalty, a authorities council and a whip work forces and adult females. All the royalty is adult females, who represent the folk by traveling to powwows all around the US and viing in dance and membranophone competitions. The membranophone group is called the â€Å"West Coast Boyz† . The royalty consists of Miss Siletz, Jr. Miss Siletz and small Miss Siletz. They are chosen one time a twelvemonth to be the representative for that twelvemonth and scope in different age groups. The council consists of nine members elected every 3 old ages for a 3 twelvemonth period. The vote regulations are same as the remainder of Oregon and any member can vote at the age of 18 or older. The Tribes president is a adult female and she has been president for I believe my whole life. She represents the folk at Unite States authorities Native events and has had multiple meetings with the United States presidents. To be enrolled in the folk your blood has to be 1/16 Siletz or higher. There used to be so many tribal members that we could non maintain path but today is a small over 5,000 members. Each member is given a figure which represents how long they have been enrolled and helps with fiscal things. I talked to my gramps about his experience of turning up on the reserve. His name is Howard Fleming, my gramps does non wish to speak about this is it was difficult to acquire it out of him. My gramps was the youngest of four. He use to acquire in problem all the clip, the instructors at his school did non like Indians. All of his friends and siblings were bad. They got called atrocious names like â€Å"half-breed† . People didn’t like his household because his ma was white. I said earlier that my great-great grandparents were kicked out of chemawa for acquiring pregnant, they had 5 kids. Three of them passed off from the disease pandemics. My great gramps married a white adult female and was disowned by most of his household. He was the 1 who got an allocation of land that was taken off after the expiration period. My grandfather had a difficult clip being on the reserve back so, acquiring in problem, all the racism and observation, any people ruin their lives because they didn’t think they had anything else to make. My grandfather moved off when he was 17 and didn’t travel back for many old ages. Now he takes my brother and I to the huddle one time a twelvemonth in the summer. The Tribe still has many traditions, non all that they use to but still a few that I know of. They have an one-year huddle every twelvemonth the 2nd weekend in August. It is the biggest 1 in the Northwest. Tribes from all over the state come to vie in the dance and membranophone competitions. One thing that I have really done with my Grandfather is on Memorial Day weekend we got the Gravess of our household. We clean the Gravess by picking weeds and grass out of the rectangle of soil covering where the coffin lies, we clean the caput rocks and we put fresh soil the hill of soil were the coffin lies. This is all out of regard, it is respectful non to walk on them so by seeing were they lie you don’t measure on them. Turning up I didn’t understand of these things and why we do them but I am larning. I wish I could be more involved in the folk but I do non fault my grandfather for anything he did. Traveling to the reserve now is really particular to me. Standing by the river hearing to the beating cognizing what all has happened there I get a feeling that is difficult to explicate but I know I am in the right topographic point. Talking to my grandfather, traveling to the reserve and taking this category has taught me a batch. I have truly enjoyed researching and it makes me happy that I have chosen the right major for me. I am majoring in public wellness and minoring in cultural surveies because I want to work on the reserve. I want to assist the poorness, disease and dependence on the reserve. I want people to recognize that times have changed a batch and it’s Oklahoma to travel out and make things! I besides truly desire to alter that ? of the folk are corpulent. As a non so amusing gag my pa one time said to me â€Å"you could ne'er be Miss Siletz because you don’t weigh 300 pounds† . This is non nice or amusing but sadly it is true that the royalty are really over weight. One twenty-four hours I would wish to be able to dance or sing. I am non certain who will learn me but I will seek to larn. I love my civilization and I am really proud to be Native American. I am proud of the history and what my household has overcome. Writing this paper was a great chance for me to larn more about my civilization and tribe itself. Work Cited hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ctsi.nsn.us/chinook-indian-tribe-siletz-heritage/our-history Charles Wilkinson.â€Å"The Peoples Are Dancing Again – The History of the Siletz Tribe of Western Oregon†University of Washington, 2010, Print.

Interpersonal Relationship and Billy

English (Belonging) Blind Side Essay â€Å"Committing yourself is a way of finding out who you are. A man finds his identity by identifying. A man's identity is not best thought of as the way in which he is separated from his fellows but the way in which he is united with them. †- Robert Terwilliger. This idea is represented in the core text of The Simple Gift and related text of The Blind Side which further reveal that belonging is the understanding and acceptance of an individual which makes them feel included.It is through their relationships with people and places combined with their experiences that help transform their own ‘identity’. Steven Herrick’s novel The Simple Gift (SG) is a verse poem written from three various perspectives of Billy, Old Bill and Caitlin. The text was first published in 2000 and is set in contemporary Australia, in a fictional town of Bendarat. It follows the protagonist Billy and his longing to find his place in life to feel accepted, but it is not until the experiences of belonging with individuals is formed that his identity is shaped.The novel’s structure is non-linear as it involves flashbacks over the course of the story to reflect back on the character’s past. The novel’s first poem Champagne written from Billy’s perspective, expresses the catalyst behind Billy leaving home, this being his abusive father. Billy refers to his dad as an â€Å"old bastard† as he steals his â€Å"champagne and cigarettes†. Billy’s use of a negative tone clearly defines the anger towards his father and their non- existent relationship. The technique of irony is used throughout this poem as it is titled â€Å"champagne†.Champagne is usually symbolic of celebrating an occasion. This represents an idea that Billy is â€Å"celebrating† leaving home. Billy does not have a relationship with his father, therefore has no consecutiveness with the community in Longl ands Road. These reasons influence his decision to leave home in search of the new ‘Billy’. The Blind Side shows that when those around an individual are of a welcoming nature, close relationships can be formed. The 2009 film The Blind Side (TBS) written and directed by John Lee Hancock is a contemporary American film.The film has a circular structure which shows the transition of Michael Oher, an uneducated teenager with an impoverished upbringing, searching for a better life. The narrative device of his adoption by the wealthy Tuohy family is the catalyst for his initial sense of belonging. In a series of visual rather than dialogue driven scenes Leigh Anne Tuohy and her family give Michael experiences a diverse group of social circumstances which positively change his life as he becomes a star football player, accepted into the Mississippi University and metaphorically accepted in life.These experiences bring about Michael’s new identity. The opening sequence of TBS opens us to Michael’s old world as the flashback technique is used. The combination of frame shots exposes us to his hometown, and why he wants to leave this deprived, rundown area. The scene shows a sad, lost and depressed boy walking towards the camera with no direction. The use  © (2012) All Rights Reserved 1 of 2 For more info, go to www. hscintheholidays. com. au of a long shot shows Michael’s surroundings, as we connect to his life. It shows that Michael is an ‘outsider’.Through this sequence we also see a train travelling away from the town. This train is symbolic of Michael; moving and escaping his life, in an attempt for a new one. Both the poem Champagne and the opening scene of TBS show in a similar way both personas’ reasons for leaving their hometown. The lack of relationships both characters have with those around has a negative impact on who they are. This is the reason for them leaving. In comparison to Michael’s home town, Billy describes his area as â€Å"rundown and beat† on pg 4 of Longlands Road.Although we cannot see Billy’s hometown, we perceive that it would appear quite similar to Michael’s. The idea of not belonging is evident in each text at this stage as no close relationships have been formed which has a large impact on one’s identity. The poem The Hobo Hour on page 48 of SG is the start of Billy’s relationship with Old Bill. Old Bill is described by Billy as â€Å"an old man with long grey hair and a beard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he is seen as a stereotypical ‘hobo’. In the poem Herrick uses the symbol of hands for the idea of ‘giving’.Billy â€Å"hands across† the cigarettes stolen from his father and gives them to Old Bill despite not knowing him. This giving is seen as a simple gift. The line â€Å"burns brightly then fades to old smoke† is used by Herrick as it is a metaphor for Old Bill’s life. These simpl e acts of kindness show the developing relationship between Billy and Old Bill. This poem The Hobo Hour relates to the thanksgiving scene in TBS. The scene in TBS shows the Tuohy family eating their thanksgiving meal together.The film technique of a close-up is used to show Michael’s emotions over the shared meal as he shows a sign of happiness. Both texts are alike as they show that in giving a simple gift a close relationship can be formed. The final poem of SG is the ending of Billy’s search for belonging. The poem is from Billy’s perspective and titled The Hobo Sky. Throughout the poem, Herrick has used the technique of lists as Billy explains in detail exactly what he is doing, examples include: â€Å"I cleaned the bowls† †I watched until he was out of sight† â€Å"I looked up†.These quotes include the use of repetition of the word â€Å"I† which puts emphasis on Billy’s new identity as he clearly has a sense of self by the use of the â€Å"I† pronoun. The use of Herrick using the words â€Å"deep blue sky that Old Bill and I shared† suggests that Billy’s new life has been a shared experience with close relationships between various characters. In the scene where Michael begins university, you are able to see how the tight positioning of both the Tuohy’s and Michael is symbolic of their close relationships.When Leigh Anne is told â€Å"you’re changing that boy’s life† she replies by saying â€Å"no he’s changing mine†. Like Billy, all of Michael’s shared experiences have gotten him to where he is today. Both Billy and Michael have found a family. Each persona’s close and personal relationships have come from others experiences. Both The Simple Gift and The Blind Side show that close, personal relationships come from shared experiences and it is through this process that one’s sense of identity is formed, creating the deepest form of belonging.  © (2012) All Rights Reserved 2 of 2 For more info, go to www. hscintheholidays. com. au

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Presentation Draft of Online Shopping - Essay Example Currently, organizations are engaged in effort to provide a secure e-shopping framework that will help the people to access these services without any financial risk. Online shopping refers to a form of electronic commerce where customers can purchase goods or services from organization over the internet (Sakarya & Soyer, 2013). Online shopping is also referred to as e-shopping since it is an internet dependent service. The history of online shopping dates back since the year 1979 when Michael Aldrich invented the videotext system that was computer dependent for transaction processing. The development of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s provided an opportunity for commercial use of online business. Among some of the earliest pioneers of online shopping includes the Pizza hut Shop and the e-Bay that is now know worldwide. There are many reasons why customers prefer online shopping in the contemporary business environment. One of the major reasons why most customers prefer this method is because it is not limited to distance. It becomes easier for them to purchase products from wherever they may be and have them delivered to them. Also, online shopping attracts customers due to availability of discounts, which companies issue out as strategies to motivate customers to shop online. Also, it is also a secure way for the customers to purchase without having to carry money physically, which is presents high risk of theft (Nirmala & Dewi, 2012). Since they can use a smart card to purchase online, they avoid having to carry loads of cash, which is a great risk for their money. This is the major reason why the online shopping market is swelling rapids and is projected to reach $237 billion by the year 2015. From a close analysis, online shopping has a wide range of benefits to both the customers and the business organizations. For the

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The mad cow disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

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How do You Think a Confucian, a Daoist, and a Legalist would Evaluate Essay

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Teamwork in companies and corporate change Research Paper

Teamwork in companies and corporate change - Research Paper Example In short, individuals will get more freedom and flexibility in their works in organizations where team work prevails. â€Å"The main characteristic feature of the team is synergy through which team members act together and achieve better results than if they perform alone or in other organizational forms†(Petrov, 2010, p.91). While working in a team, individuals get more support from his team members and therefore his jobs stress will be considerably reduced. Reduced job stress will increases his performances and productivity. Another major advantage of team work is the â€Å"creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts, because synergy pools individual talents and efforts to create extraordinary results† (Judeh, 2011, p.203). 1+1 = 2 is correct in Mathematics; but in business 1+1>2 because of the possibility of extraordinary results teamwork can generate in an organization. While working as part of a team, the members may deliver more than 100% of their efficiency. Sheng & Tinag (2010) have pointed out that â€Å"employees would have more loyalty and ties to those in groups working with them as a team because they could have immediate feedback from these people† (Sheng & Tinag, 2010, p.1297). Man is a social animal and he dislikes individual work. Nobody wants to work in a lonely atmosphere in which no communication occurs or no support received. While working in groups or teams, he gets enough opportunities for communication and therefore his capabilities will come out automatically. In this article, Bob Frisch point out some of the major drawbacks of teamwork along with the benefits of teamwork. In his opinion, even though the employees in a team will get more freedom and flexibility in their works, the chances of increased blaming of the individual employees cannot be ruled out. Team work also helps to have assertive conversations, give and receive feedback, and

BILL GATES Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BILL GATES - Research Proposal Example He remains as one of the largest shareholders within Microsoft and has more than 8 percent of the common stock. Gates’ family comprised of his father who was a rich and famous lawyer, his mother being on the board of directors for United Way and First Interstate Banc System. Bill’s elder sister Kristianne and younger sister Libby completed the family. Gates used to visualize a pretty low career for his own life, right from the very beginning. As he was a bright student his parents registered him at Lakeside School, where he first made his acquaintance with computers. As for as his personal family is concerned, he married Melinda French in 1994. He and French have three children from their marriage – Jennifer, Rory and Phoebe. The house in which his family resides looks like a 21st century earth-sheltered home overlooking the Lake Washington, in Medina, Washington. Bill Gates has been a very avid reader and enjoys spending time playing golf, bridge and tennis. (Fridson, 2001) In January 1975, after reading the copy of â€Å"Popular Electronics† that showed Altair 8800, Bill Gates contacted the makers of the new microcomputer, known as MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), and told them that he and his friend Paul Allen had developed a BASIC Programming Language that could be used on the Altair. Bill Gates did not have an analyst nor did he have an Altair system but still he and Paul Allen developed the interpreter, eight weeks before the demonstration. MITS agreed to dispense Altair Basic after the interpreter worked at the demonstration. Bill Gates shifted to New Mexico where MITS was situated and where he established Microsoft. The name Microsoft became a registered trademark in 1976. Microsofts name originally is a combination of "microcomputer software". Microsoft is an American multinational computer technology corporation that has yearly sales of more than $41.36 Billion, globally. They have around 64,000 employees

Management Accounting and Financial Accounting Essay Example for Free

Management Accounting and Financial Accounting Essay The differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1] 1. Management accounting provides information to people within an organization while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it, such as shareholders 2. Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as in the I.A.S International Accounting Standard within Europe. 3. Financial accounting covers the entire organization while management accounting may be concerned with particular products or cost centres. Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be future looking and have forecasting value to those within the company. Financial accounting is used primarily by those outside of a company or organization. Financial reports are usually created for a set period of time, such as a fiscal year or period. Financial reports are historically factual and have predictive value to those who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include: * Sales Forecasting reports * Budget analysis and comparative analysis * Feasibility studies * Merger and consolidation reports Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as the shareholders, the banks and the creditors.

How you act affects what grade you get Essay Example for Free

How you act affects what grade you get Essay The Impact of Student Behavior on Student Learning is an important subject. There are varying issues that affect student behavior, and a students ability to learn and perform efficiently. This paper will discuss some of the behaviors that are commonly demonstrated when students face one of the most common symptoms; stress. It will also cover how stress, a symptom of student behavior can affect student learning. Student behavior can be categorized two different ways. A determining factor is if the behavior is negative or positive. These behaviors can be overt or covert and can play a big part in determining a student grade in a particular class. Students demonstrating poor behavior have a tendency to get lower grades. Poor behavior, which is a symptom of stress, can be linked to lack of sleep. According to The Franklin Institute Online, â€Å"Disrupting routines and interrupting sleep-all have a cumulative effect on your brain, especially its ability to remember and learn† (Franklin, 2004). The brain is a precious organism and if it is stressed it will not perform to capacity. Stress can cause ones behavior to fluctuate in a manner that can be destructive to productivity. If a student’s behavior fluctuates and causes them to react poorly in a class room setting they may not be able to retain the information needed to qualify for the grades necessary to complete their degree (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). According to the Webster online dictionary, the definition of behavior is â€Å"the manner of conducting oneself; anything that an organism does involving action and response to stimulation† (Webster, 2011). Human beings have the capability to conduct themselves in a manner that may or may not help their capacity for learning. The wrong type of stimulation can alter the student’s ability to perform simple tasks that under normal circumstances would be easy for the student to perform. The behavior displayed by students affects the outcome of the amount of information the student retains. The more information a student can retain the better the grades that student is likely to receive. By definition, behavior is ‘the manner in which one conducts oneself’, and cannot be measured as good or bad because it is a matter of opinion (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). Behaviors can be changed or altered to fit the mood of the person. â€Å"The term stress is short for distress, a word evolved from Latin that means to draw or pull apart. The Romans even used the term ‘districtia’ to describe a being torn asunder (Franklin, 2004). To be torn from your normal routine of good study habits, exams, and team work would be understandable in the case of a stressed student. Since the student has limited, or no control over the stressors in their life; they cannot always be held responsible for their behavior. A behavior can be harmful to the outcome of a situation but does not have to mean that the person with the behavior is bad or good (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). In the same since that negative and positive behavior don’t equate to bad or good. Negative behavior is any behavior that harms the student’s learning ability (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). An example would be a student that shows signs of stress. That student may be edgy or not seem like a team player. The student may grasp the main concepts during class but not seem to put the effort forth to get good grades where tests are involved. This student may understand concepts and be able to explain to others with ease how they work. This student may also miss deadlines, or not post assignments on time. This negative behavior is harmful to the student, but due to stress the student is not able to control the negative behavior. The student may not be aware of the way their behavior is disrupting their school life and will not recognize the affect on their grades (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). â€Å"Overt behaviors are more open and observable and would include students talking during class, using their cellular phones, or eating or drinking noisily. Covert behaviors are more passive and include sleeping during class, arriving to class late, leaving class early, or generally acting bored and disengaged.† (Seidman, 2005) Demonstration of these behaviors may be done together or separately. A student can demonstrate just covert behavior and still seem defiant. Both covert and overt behaviors can be a sign of stress. The student who demonstrates these behaviors may not recognize that they are being a distraction to the class or to themselves. They can also attribute to poor or no study habits. Both behaviors can cause problems for the student because they can hinder the student’s ability to perform in a class setting. For example: A student can understand the concepts in a course but have trouble staying awake during class and miss important notes or assignment deadlines. When this student post an assignment too late to receive full credit their grade is affected. The student has shown signs of overt behavior but did not intend to be seen as disruptive. Often students have no idea that the outcome of their behavior can lead to poor grades. Some students are able to correct their poor grades with good grades by a change in their behavior. The symptom that will show in lieu of stress would be happiness or a since of calm. Students who demonstrate negative behavior will have a hard time retaining information or keeping up with their courses. Students with positive behavior will have a better chance of retaining the maximum amount of information possible. Positive behavior helps the student to create an environment within themselves that is conducive to learning (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). Students who are stress free in mind, body, and soul are free to work at full capacity to achieve their academic goals. When a student feels comfortable with their surroundings and is freed from worrying about the outside world, the student will have a higher level of concentration on school work as all other distractions have been managed or eliminated. They will be able to focus their energy on studying , and processing the information studied. (K. White, personal communication, June 29, 2011). Behaviors can be changed or altered with help of others. Most schools have an academic advisor who is able to handle student issues. They may not be able to completely assist in matters of home life but may have some good suggestions and or referrals that may help the student get back on track. A change in student behavior for the good can impact student learning in a positive way. â€Å"Bear in mind that an appropriate stress response is a healthy and necessary part of life. It improves mood. Problems feel more like challenges, which encourages creative thinking that stimulates your brain to grow new connections within it.† (Franklin, 2004). In conclusion, student behavior can be a symptom of underlying issues that can affect student learning for different reasons and in many different ways. Poor behavior, which is a symptom of stress, can be linked to lack of sleep. The wrong type of stimulation can alter the student’s ability to perform simple task that under normal circumstances would be easy for the student to perform. Since the student has limited to no control over the stress in their life they cannot always be held responsible for their behavior. The student may not be aware of the way their behavior is disrupting their school life and will not recognize the affect on their grades. A happy, content students mind, body, and soul are free to work at full capacity to achieve the goal of good paper writing, testing, and team work. Both behaviors can cause problems for the student because they can hinder the student’s ability to perform in a class setting. Some students are able to correct their poor grades with good grades by a change in their behavior. A change in student behavior for the good can impact student learning in a positive way. References The Franklin Institute Online. Retrieved on June 29, 2011 at 7:47 PM from Web stream at http://www.fi.edu/learn/brain/stress.html#how The Learning Killer: Disruptive Student Behavior in the Classroom. Journal article by Alan Seidman; Reading Improvement, Vol. 42, 2005 Webster Dictionary online. Retrieved on June 29, 2011 at 3:43 PM from website http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/behavior, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No